结合数值模拟的虚拟仿真大学物理实验开发——以磁控条件实验为例

Development of Virtual Simulation College Physics Experiments with Numerical Simulations:A Case Study of Magnetron Condition Experiment

随着算力提升与技术改进,基于物理规律的、可交互的虚拟仿真大学物理实验成为可能。本工作以磁控条件实验为例,通过求解热电子在径向电场与轴向磁场作用下的运动方程,并结合计算机编程技术,实现了电子轨迹的实时计算;通过实验数据的采集,利用玻尔兹曼拟合函数实现了磁控条件的数值仿真;在仿真实验中集成差分计算功能,将热电子初速度满足麦克斯韦速率分布的验证实验加入教学内容。基于以上技术开发的虚拟仿真实验,不仅能完成现有的实验目标,而且可以直观显示电子径迹,拓宽了磁控条件实验的深度和广度。

With the advancement of computational power and technological improvements,interactive virtual simulation experiments based on physical principles have become feasible for university physics education.This paper takes the magnetron condition experiment as an example.By solving the equations of motion of thermal electrons under the influence of a radial electric field and an axial magnetic field,and integrating computer programming techniques,real-time calculation of electron trajectories is achieved.Experimental data collection and Boltzmann fitting functions are utilized to implement numerical simulations of the magnetron conditions.The simulation experiment incorporates differential computation functionality,adding a verification experiment where the initial velocities of thermal electrons follow a Maxwell velocity distribution into the teaching content.The virtual simulation experiment developed based on the technologies not only meets the existing experimental objectives but also visually displays electron trajectories,thereby expanding the depth and scope of the magnetron condition experiment.