对《威尼斯宪章》及其应用实践的跨文化审视:一种中国视角

A Cross-Cultural Review of the Venice Charter and Its Application:A Chinese Perspective

《威尼斯宪章》(以下简称《宪章》)是现代文化遗产保护史上最重要的纲领性文件。然而,关于《宪章》的创作背景,相关讨论主要由西方学者提出,缺乏非西方文化视角的审视。自20世纪80年代引入中国以来,《宪章》的阐释与应用所引发的理念讨论延续至今。在这种情况下,对《宪章》的考察需要从中国立场出发,进行更为宏观的理解与思辨。文章尝试从历史和文化的维度梳理《威尼斯宪章》的语境,将视野扩大到15世纪以后的欧洲,选取历史性纪念物的发明、废墟审美与现代性、基督教的“求真”鉴赏力与“普世”世界观、带有政治意涵的“最小干预”理念、反民族主义语境下的中立与技术性5个侧面进行简要分析,同时将其与中国历史文化经验相比照,以讨论适配性。在此基础上,结合3个当代修复案例,综合考察《宪章》在中国的实践与影响,并提出建议,以期对中国式现代化的遗产保护事业提供更具文化敏感性的决策思路。

The Venice Charter,the most important doctrinal document in the history of modern heritage conservation,has been primarily examined by Western scholars regarding the context of its creation,with limited insights from non-Western cultural perspectives.Since its introduction into China in the 1980s,the interpretation and application of the Charter have sparked ongoing theoretical debates.In view of this situation,the examination of the Charter should adopt a more macroscopic approach with a Chineseperspective. This paper attempts to explore the historical and cultural contexts of theVenice Charter by expanding the scope to Europe after the 15th century, and analyses in 5aspects: the invention of historic monument, the appreciation of ruins and modernity, theChristian“truth-seeking” sensibility and“universal” worldview, the politically connotatedconcept of“minimum intervention”, and neutrality and technicality in the context ofanti-nationalism. These observations are juxtaposed with China’s historical and culturalexperiences to access the Charter’s adaptability. In addition, through a critical reviewof 3 contemporary restoration cases, the paper comprehensively examines the Charter’sapplication and impacts in China. Consequent suggestions are put forward in order toprovide more culturally sensitive decision-making strategies for heritage conservation inthe Chinese path to modernization.