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热室内设备远程操作评估及干法工艺验证

The evaluation of equipment remote operation and pyroprocessing verification in hot cell
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摘要 干法后处理技术是国际上公认的可实现核燃料闭式循环的技术之一。在过去的十几年中,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,SINAP)一直专注于干法后处理技术的开发。热室及热室内的远程操作系统是实施乏燃料干法后处理工艺的重要技术保障,也是SINAP在乏燃料后处理领域内主要的研究方向之一。本研究以氟化挥发、减压蒸馏两项干法技术的工艺设备为研究对象,开展了热室内设备的远程操作评估和干法工艺验证实验。实验结果表明:在热室内工艺设备布置合理的基础上,工艺单元操作中,装料和出料的工作负荷较大,其负荷值在2.0以上;在两种工艺实验过程中,开/关操作的负荷值均较小,分别为0.07和0.14;螺栓旋紧/旋松、装料和出料等耗时较长,操作效率低;热室内干法工艺验证实验中,熔盐体系铀氟化分离工艺实现了铀转化率为99.8%,铀产物回收率大于99%;熔盐减压蒸馏工艺实现了较高熔盐蒸发量和100%熔盐蒸馏回收率。本研究工作将为实现热室内真实乏燃料的干法后处理提供重要参考依据。 [Background]Reprocessing technology is recognized internationally as one of the most promising technologies to realize the closed cycle of nuclear fuel.Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics(SINAP)of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has been focusing on the development of this technology,as well as the corresponding support systems engineering in the past decade.The hot cell is an important guarantee for the practical application of nuclear fuel reprocessing technology,therefore,a remote operation system suitable for reprocessing post-treatment process equipment is developed so that the pyroprocessing experiments of molten salt can be conducted in hot cell.[Purpose]This study aims to evaluate equipment remote operation and pyroprocessing verification in hot cell.[Methods]Main focus of this study was the fluoride volatility and vacuum distillation process of molten salt reactor fuel salts,and the remote operation evaluation of hot cell equipments and pyroprocessing verification experiments were carried out using multi-view coordination.The workload of the operation of the fluoride volatility and vacuum distillation process units was analyzed and evaluated,and the operation efficiency was obtained based on the frequency and time spent on the basic movements of the manipulator in pyroprocessing verification experiments.On this basis,experiments were conducted on the uranium fluoride volatility in the LiF-BeF2-ZrF4-UF4 salt,and vacuum distillation process in LiCl-KCl,LiF-NaF-KF molten salts.Then,before and after the fluoride volatility experiments,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to determine the uranium content in molten salt,and the conversion rate and reaction rate of uranium were calculated.The uranium content in the base solution downstream of adsorption column was analyzed to obtain the recovery rate of uranium product.Finally,the molten salts evaporation was calculated by the residual mass after the vacuum distillation experiments.The evaporated salts were collected through the condensing cover,and the collection rate was calculated.[Results]The results of reprocessing validation experiments in hot cell show that the workload of feed and discharge in the operation unit is large than 2.0 on the basis of reasonable arrangement of process equipments in hot cell.The load values for the on/off operation are relatively small,with values of 0.07 and 0.14,respectively.In the operations of processes,due to the various types and frequency of the manipulator operation,the feed and discharge units take a long time with a time-consuming of 20 min and 19 min respectively.The operational efficiency of the pyroprocessing in the hot cell can be improved by optimizing processes and reducing unnecessary operations.A uranium conversion rate of 99.8%and recovery rate of over 99%in molten salt are achieved in he uranium fluoride separation experiment.By improving distillation temperature and sealing of components,a higher evaporation rate and a 100%recovery rate of molten salt distillation are achieved in the vacuum distillation experiments.[Conclusions]The designed small-scale fluoride volatility and vacuum distillation devices can be used for remote operation and process experimental research in the hot cell,and the experimental results meet the key process targets.The research work can provide a reference basis for the pyroprocessing of real spent fuel in hot cell.
作者 牛永生 孙理鑫 王保柱 张晗 付海英 窦强 周伟 钱渊 李晴暖 NIU Yongsheng;SUN Lixin;WANG Baozhu;ZHANG Han;FU Haiying;DOU Qiang;ZHOU Wei;QIAN Yuan;LI Qingnuan(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;CAS Center for Excellence on TMSR Energy System,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China)
出处 《核技术》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第12期34-43,共10页 Nuclear Techniques
基金 国家自然科学基金(No.12175303,No.12275349,No.U2267226) 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(No.2022B01039) 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所自主部署重点创新项目(No.SINAP-QJYS-202201)资助。
关键词 热室 远程操作 干法工艺 氟化挥发 减压蒸馏 Hot cell Pyroprocessing Remote operation Fluoride volatility Vacuum distillation
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