模拟草皮堆放中遮光与浇水对高山嵩草生理及成活的影响

Influences of Simulated Sod Stack Shade and Watering on Physiology and Growth of Kobresia Pygmaea

为研究公路工程建设中剥离的草皮块堆放期遮光与浇水对高山嵩草的影响,采集藏北地区典型草甸草皮块,在室内设置全遮光、全遮光+浇水、全光照、全光照+浇水4种处理方式,测试了不同处理方式对高山嵩草叶片生理、生长指标及处理后草皮块铺植成活覆盖度的影响。结果表明:高山嵩草叶片生理、植株生长指标发生显著变化,草皮活力迅速降低,全遮光+浇水、全光照+浇水处理的叶片叶绿素含量分别显著低于全遮光、全光照处理方式;全光照、全遮光处理的叶片脯氨酸含量显著高于其他2种处理方式;全遮光处理的植物超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性显著高于全遮光+浇水处理方式;植物成活覆盖度的影响程度由大到小依次为全遮光+浇水、全遮光、全光照、全光照+浇水处理方式;全遮光+浇水处理方式易引发植物徒长与养分消耗,活力降低快,对胁迫适应性差。工程实践中常规堆叠方式与浇水养护会引发植物徒长,不利于草皮保存活力,应控制水分供给,缩短堆存时间,或采用立体堆放,增加通风、透光等措施,延缓草皮活力。

To study the influences of shade and watering on Kobresia pygmaea in the stripped sod blocks stack during highway engineering construction,the typical meadow sod blocks from northern Tibet were collected.Four treatment methods(i.e.,full shade,full shade+watering,full sunlight,and full sunlight+watering)were set up indoors to test the influences of different treatment methods on Kobresia pygmaea leaves physiological and growth indicators,as well as the sod blocks survival coverage after treatment.The result indicates that Kobresia pygmaea leaf physiological and growth indicators significantly change.The sod vitality decreases rapidly.The leaf chlorophyll contents with full shade+watering and full sunlight+watering treatments are significantly lower than those with full shade and full sunlight treatments.The leaf proline contents treated with full sunlight and full shade are significantly higher than those with the other two treatment methods.The superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of plants treated with full shade are significantly higher than those treated with full shade+watering.The influences of plant survival coverage rank from high to low as full shade+watering,full shade,full sunlight,and full sunlight+watering.The full shade+watering treatment can easily cause excessive growth and nutrient depletion.The vitality decreases rapidly,having poor adaptability to stress.In engineering practice,the conventional stack methods and watering maintenance can cause excessive growth,which is not conducive to preserving the sod vitality.The water supply should be controlled,and the stack time should be shortened.The measures(e.g.,3D stack,increasing ventilation and light transmission)are suggested to defer the sod vitality.