摘要
为研究不同轮作模式下秸秆还田与氮肥配施对水稻茎蘖动态、群体质量和产量的影响。于2021年在陕西省汉中市农业科学研究所韩塘试验基地进行田间小区试验。采用裂区试验设计,主处理为冬闲-水稻+秸秆还田+不施氮肥(WRSN0)、紫云英-水稻+紫云英稻草联合还田+施氮80%(GRSN80)、油菜-水稻+秸秆还田+常规施氮(RRSN100),副处理为水稻品种,包括‘川优6203’、‘宜香2115’、‘美香占2号’、‘黄华占’共4个。结果表明:3种轮作模式下水稻产量差异显著,4个水稻品种平均产量表现为RRSN100最高、GRSN80次之、WRSN0最低,与WRSN0相比,RRSN100和GRSN80分别增产95.68%和66.64%。GRSN80和RRSN100处理可以提高4个水稻品种的分蘖数、穗粒数、有效穗和干物质量。常规稻‘黄华占’和‘美香占2号’在GRSN80处理下产量较高,杂交稻‘川优6203’和‘宜香2115’在RRSN100处理下产量较高。紫云英-水稻和油菜-水稻轮作制下秸秆还田与适量氮肥配施有利于促进水稻生长,提高产量,紫云英-水稻轮作紫云英稻草联合还田与减氮20%配施适宜种植常规稻,而油菜-水稻轮作油菜水稻秸秆还田与常规氮肥配施适宜种植杂交稻。
To investigate the effects of straw return combined with nitrogen application on tiller dynamics,population quality and rice yield under different rotation patterns,a field plot experiment was conducted in 2021 at Hantang Experimental Base of Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Shaanxi Province.A split plot design was used,with the rotation pattern as main treatment and the rice varieties as sub-treatment.The three rotation treatments included:winter fallow–rice rotation(WRSN0)with straw incorporation and no nitrogen application,green manure–rice rotation(GRSN80)with combined incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw and 80%of the conventional nitrogen rate,and oilseed rape–rice rotation(RRSN100)with straw incorporation and the full conventional nitrogen rate.Four rice cultivars—'Chuanyou 6203,''Yixiang 2115,''Meixiangzhan 2,'and'Huanghuazhan'—were evaluated.The results revealed significant differences in rice yield among the three rotation patterns.Average yields were highest under RRSN100,followed by GRSN80,and lowest under WRSN0.Compared with WRSN0,yields under RRSN100 and GRSN80 increased by 95.68%and 66.64%,respectively.The GRSN80 and RRSN100 treatments improved tiller number,grain number per panicle,effective panicle count,and dry matter accumulation across all four rice cultivars.Specifically,the conventional cultivars'Huanghuazhan'and'Meixiangzhan 2'demonstrated higher yields under GRSN80,whereas the hybrid cultivars'Chuanyou 6203'and'Yixiang 2115'yielded better under RRSN100.The incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in GRSN80,along with a 20%reduction in the nitrogen application rate,was found to be optimal for conventional rice.Conversely,rape–rice rotation with straw return and full conventional nitrogen application was better suited for hybrid rice production.
作者
赵汉红
梁小军
刘全哲
问宏
吴玉红
王吕
秦宇航
陈浩
白玉海
ZHAO Hanhong;LIANG Xiaojun;LIU Quanzhe;WEN Hong;WU Yuhong;WANG Lü;QIN Yuhang;CHEN Hao;BAI Yuhai(Mianxian Rural Energy Workstation,Mianxian,Shaanxi 724200,China;Mianxian Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center,Mianxian,Shaanxi 724200,China;Mianxian Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade,Mianxian,Shaanxi 724200,China;Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723000,China)
出处
《陕西农业科学》
2024年第12期93-100,共8页
Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY02-06)。
关键词
油菜-水稻
紫云英-水稻
秸秆还田
茎孽动态
群体质量
Rape-rice rotation
Chinese milk vetch-rice rotation
Straw return
Tiller dynamics
Population quality