林业废弃物的食用菌基质化利用研究进展

Advances in substrate utilization of forestry wastes on cultivating edible fungi

我国林业资源丰富,森林维护和林木加工过程中产生了大量的林业废弃物。食用菌强大的碳水化合物降解酶系可将林业废弃物中的营养转化为对人体健康有益的菌物蛋白、活性多糖、膳食纤维等。林业废弃物的食用菌基质化利用不仅可以消耗大量林业废弃物,同时还可以解决食用菌栽培原料短缺的问题。本文从林业废弃物资源化利用现状及其食用菌基质化利用等方面,论述了林业废弃物作为食用菌栽培基质的可行性和存在的问题,并探讨了从宏观政策引导、基础应用研究加强以及基质化生产链条建立等角度推进林业和菌业结合的发展潜力,以期为林业废弃物生产食用菌提供参考。

China’s forestry resources are abundant,with substantial quantities of forestry waste generated during forest conservation and wood processing.The potent carbohydrate-degrading enzyme systems in edible fungi can convert the nutrients in forestry waste into mycoprotein,active polysaccharide,dietary fiber and other compounds beneficial to human health.Utilizing forestry waste as a substrate for edible fungi not only helps to consume large amounts of waste but also addresses the shortage of raw materials for mushroom cultivation.This paper examines the current status of forestry waste valorization and its utilization as a substrate for edible fungi,discussing the feasibility and challenges of using forestry waste as a cultivation substrate.It also explores potential avenues for advancing the integration of forestry and mushroom industries,including macro-policy guidance,strengthening of fundamental and applied research,and establishment of a substrate production chain,with the aim of providing references to the production of edible fungi from forestry waste.