三种典型森林雉类的占域模式及影响因子

Occupancy Pattern and Influencing Factorsof Three Representative Forest Pheasants

凉山山系马边大风顶国家级自然保护区山地森林内共存着多样性极为丰富的雉类物种,为了了解这些雉类的占域率、种间相互作用及其影响因子,于2021年5月至2023年6月,在该保护区内布设了131台红外相机,累计工作37 496相机日,对3种典型森林雉类红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii,独立有效拍摄n=593)、血雉(Ithaginis cruentus,n=227)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera,n=81)进行了监测,并使用多物种占域模型分析不同因子对其占域的影响。结果显示:3种雉类的占域率受不同环境变量的影响,即红腹角雉的占域率与海拔、坡度、草本盖度和灌木均高呈正相关,与距水源距离、人类活动强度和放牧强度呈负相关;血雉的占域率与坡向、坡度、海拔、距水源距离、乔木均高、灌木均高和草本盖度呈正相关,与人类活动强度呈负相关;白鹇的占域率与坡向呈正相关,与海拔、坡度、乔木均高、灌木均高、草本盖度和放牧强度呈负相关。红腹角雉和血雉之间具有负相互作用,红腹角雉和白鹇、血雉和白鹇之间具有正相互作用。3种雉类两两之间的相互作用对其占域率影响的重要性均大于栖息地特征和人为干扰。综上,种间相互作用、栖息地特征和人为干扰共同影响了凉山山系3种森林雉类的占域和共存。基于研究结果,建议保护区在开展多物种整合保护时,加强对物种之间相互作用的评估和对雉类栖息地内的人为活动和干扰的管控。

There are diverse pheasant species coexisting in the mountainous forests of Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve in Liangshan Mountains.In order to understand the occupancy rate,interspecific interactions and influencing factors of these pheasants,131 infrared-triggered cameras were set up there from May 2021 to June 2023,with a total of 37496 camera-trapping days,to monitor the three representative forest pheasants,namely the Temminck s tragopan(Tragopan temminckii,independent capture n=593),the blood pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus,n=227)and silver pheasant(Lophura nycthemera,n=81).The multi-species occupation model was applied to analyze the effects of different factors on the occupancy rate.The results show that the occupancy rate of the three pheasant species is influenced by different environmental variables.The results show that the occupancy rate of the Temminck s tragopan is positively correlated with elevation,slope,herb coverage and mean shrub height,and negatively correlated with distance from water resources,human activity intensity and grazing intensity;the occupancy rate of the blood pheasant is positively correlated with aspect,slope,elevation,distance from water resources,mean tree height,mean shrub height and herb coverage,and is negatively correlated with human activity intensity;the occupancy rate of the silver pheasant is positively correlated with aspect,and negatively correlated with elevation,slope,mean tree height,mean shrub height,herb coverage and grazing intensity.There is a negative interaction between Temminck s tragopan and blood pheasant,whereas a positive interaction between Temminck s tragopan and silver pheasant,as well as between blood pheasant and silver pheasant.The influence of the pairwise interactions between three pheasants on their occupancy rate is greater than that of habitat characteristics and human interference.In summary,interspecific interactions,habitat characteristics and human disturbances jointly affect the occupancy and co-existence of forest pheasants in Liangshan Mountains.Based on our findings,it is suggested that the evaluation of species interaction and the control of human activities in pheasant habitats should be strengthened when multi-species integrated conservation is carried out in nature reserves.