全氟和多氟烷基物质对健康与环境的影响及其在纺织领域应用研究进展

Influence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on human health and environment and research progress in field of textiles

为减少全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的使用,梳理了全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质对环境和人体健康的潜在威胁,并对相关研究进行了概述。首先阐述了全氟烷基和多氟烷基化合物的定义、分类,以及它们的传播路径、使用分布情况,并讨论了这些物质对环境和人体的潜在危害。同时,介绍了全球环保机构以及相关标准对全氟烷基和多氟烷基化合物在生产和使用上的限制与规定。此外,还特别关注了含氟烷基和多氟烷基化合物在纺织品中的应用现状。最后,对这一领域的未来研究方向进行了展望,并提出要减少全氟烷基及多氟烷基助剂的使用,积极寻找无氟纺织助剂作为替代品的重要性,以期为相关领域的研究者和政策制定者提供参考。

Significance Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been widely used in various industries,particularly textiles,due to their remarkable stability and water-and oil-repellent properties.However,their extensive use in industrial and commercial settings over the past six decades has raised concerns about potential risks to human health and the environment.As research on PFAS continues to deepen,a more comprehensive understanding of these substances has emerged,leading many countries,regions,and international bodies to establish policies aimed at restricting the use,import,and export of PFAS.By highlighting the ubiquity of PFAS in the environment,their bioaccumulation in humans,the associated health and environmental risks,and the wide range of industrial applications,the need and urgency to minimize or substitute PFAS is emphasized to raise awareness of the human health risks posed by PFAS.It also calls on various industries to proactively engage in the research,development and production of fluorine-free additives as viable alternatives to PFAS.Progress Numerous studies have demonstrated the remarkable bioaccumulative and toxicological properties of PFAS.These substances have become widely distributed in the environment due to their involvement in various industrial sectors.PFAS can be found not only in various consumer products manufactured by industry,but also in the natural environment,including the atmosphere,soil,surface water,and groundwater.This widespread distribution leads to the accumulation of PFAS,which in turn affects wildlife in the ecological system,disrupts the ecological balance,and affects agricultural practices.Bioaccumulated PFAS can enter the human body through direct or indirect exposure via the environment or the food chain,and their persistence makes them difficult to degrade,posing risks to human health.Recent research has identified the presence of PFAS in human biological samples,such as blood,urine,and other tissues,and linked their presence to a range of health problems,including endocrine disruption,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease,developmental abnormalities in infants and young children,various metabolic disorders,and immune system dysfunction.As a result,both national and international regulations governing the production and use of PFAS have been tightened.PFAS are commonly used as additives to improve water,oil or stain resistance in textiles and other industries.Despite the beneficial properties of PFAS,researchers are exploring the use of fluorinated additives to create textiles with enhanced performance.Strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of PFAS include minimizing their use,substituting short-chain PFAS,and developing fluorine-free additives,although these approaches present challenges that require further attention.Conclusion and Prospect This article provides an in-depth analysis of the use,distribution,and hazards of PFAS and their regulation in China.Following the lead of European countries,which have banned certain PFAS under the Stockholm Convention since 2014,China has made significant progress in establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework and implementing a set of testing standards at the local and national levels.These efforts are aimed at strengthening the monitoring and control of chemicals in the country.To address the challenges associated with PFAS contamination,efforts are being made to improve the situation.Short-chain fluoroalkyl substances are increasingly being used as substitutes for PFAS.Although they are considered less toxic and more readily metabolized,they spread more rapidly in the environment,resulting in longer persistence,particularly in aquatic systems,and are more difficult to degrade.Therefore,the search for non-fluorinated alternatives to replace PFAS is critical.While the development of fluorine-free functional materials is still in its early stages,the need for non-fluorinated alternatives to PFAS is clear.It is our scientific belief that as social awareness continues to grow,along with the advancement of scientific research and the improvement of industry infrastructure,the adoption of environmentally friendly,fluorine-free materials will become the future direction of development.