基追肥比例和施肥方法对烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of the Ratio between Base Fertilizer and Dressing and Application Manner on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

研究结果表明 :不同的基追肥比例和施肥方法对烟叶产质量有明显影响。基追肥比例为 7∶ 3时 ,烟碱含量明显低于 6∶ 4 ,其中上部烟叶的烟碱含量降低最为明显 ,其次为中部烟叶 ,对下部烟叶的影响较小 ;在评吸结果上 ,基追肥比例也以 7∶ 3好于 6∶ 4 ,其差异明显。基肥条施没有对烤烟产质量带来理想的效果。有机肥和无机肥相结合的施肥方法对烤烟的影响表现的最稳定 ,不仅对烟叶产值和均价有所提高 ,并且改善了烟叶的吃味 ,减少了杂气和降低了刺激性。根外追肥虽然不能改变烤烟的农艺性状和产质量性状指标以及烟叶的化学成分 (常规 ) ,可在一定程度上增加烟叶的香气量 ,改善烟叶的香气质 。

Experiment results pointed out that tobacco nicotine contents are affected by the ratio between base fertilizer and dressing. Tobacco nicotine content adopting 7∶3 of base fertilizer to dressing is significantly less than that adopting 6∶4 of base fertilizer to dressing, and nicotine content of upper tobacco leaf is obviously lower than that of middle and lower tobacco leaf. The result of smoking appraisal showed that tobacco quality adopting 7∶3 of base fertilizer to dressing is superior to that of 6∶4 of base fertilizer to dressing. Drilling base fertilizer had no optimal effect on tobacco quality. Manners of organic manure mixed mineral fertilizer had stable effect on tobacco quality. They not only increased tobacco yield and average price but also improved smoking smell of tobacco and decreased irritant of tobacco. Though leaf spray fertilizer did not change agronomic character and chemical component of tobacco and index of yield and quality, but it could raise scent content and improve scent quality of tobacco and together the irritant of tobacco could be raised to some extent.