胸腰椎骨折复位固定器的研制与临床应用

Invention and Clinical Application of a Restoration Fixing Apparatus of Thoracic - lumbar Vertebra Fracture

目的:探索一种简便有效的外固定器具来治疗胸腰椎骨折。方法:从生物力学角度,利用脊柱过伸复位、三点固定的原理,研制出一种复位固定器。该复位固定器的后板弧度可以调节,患者仰卧于弓起的后板上,通过患者自身的重量,达到缓慢过伸复位。复位后收紧固定带,使胸片的上、下端与后板的距离相对固定,防止再移位。结果:固定器法与二桌法相比,该法患者疼痛轻,不易疲劳,与石膏背心固定相比,该复位固定器轻巧,易被患者接受。适用于稳定型和轻度不稳定型胸腰椎骨折、无条件手术的严重不稳定型胸腰椎骨折、各种胸腰椎疾病手术后需要外固定的病人。结论:固定器法操作简单,效果确切,优于二桌法,是非手术治疗的良好补充。

Abstruct Objective: To find a convenient and effective external fixation device to treat the thoracic - lumbar vertebra fracture. Methods: From the biomechanical point of view and the principle of vertebra extension reduction and tri-point fixation, a restoration fixing apparatus was invented. Patient lied on the back of the backboard whose curve can be regulated, to reach extension reduction slowly through self-dependent weight. Then the fixation band was tightened to distance between the superior and inferior extremity which was checked by x - ray film and the backboard was relatively fixed to avoid re-displacement. Results: Compared with bi-desk method, the new apparatus decreased patient's pain and fatigue. It was lighter thus more acceptable than plaster of paris jacket. It could be used in patients with stable, mild unstable and severely unstable (contra - indication to operation) thoracic - lumbar vertebra fracture and post - operation. Conclusion: The new apparatus is better than bi-desk method and proves to be an effective supplement to traditional therapy.