学习障碍儿童心理问题及心理辅导效果评价

Mental Problems of Children with Learning Disability and Outcomes of Psychological Counseling

目的 探讨学习障碍 (LD)儿童心理问题及心理辅导对改善LD儿童心理行为的效果评价。方法 分设干预组、LD对照组、学业一般组、学业优秀组。对各组儿童进行厌学情绪、心理健康和生活质量测定 ,并对干预组儿童进行 2年心理辅导干预。结果 LD儿童和学业一般、学业优秀儿童在厌学情绪、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向和心理健康测量总分的差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5) ,均分结果显示LD组 >学业一般组 >学业优秀组。心理辅导后 ,干预组儿童在厌学情绪、孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向和心理健康测量的总分均明显下降 ,亲子关系、同伴关系、师生关系、居住环境、活动机会性、社会心理状况、社会环境状况、生活质量总分则显著提高 ,且心理辅导前后差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;干预组与LD对照组比较 ,在厌学情绪、心理健康状况、生活质量方面的上述各项指标 ,两组间差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 LD组儿童存在一定的心理问题 ,心理辅导有助于改善LD儿童的心理健康状况 。

Objective To study the mental problems of children with learning disability and to assess the effect of psychological counseling in improving their learning abilities.Methods Learning-weariness, the condition of mental health and the quality of life were measured in four groups:group of 72 children with learning disability who,group of 72 children who didn't receive psychological counseling,group of 72 children with average school achievement and group of 72 children with excellent school achievement respectively.Results The groups of children showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the total scores for learning-weariness, anxiety, loneliness, self-accusation, hypersensitivity and the status of mental health. The average scores appeared to be as follows:children with learning disability>children with a verage school achievement>children with excellent school achievement. After Psychological counseling, the total scores in learning-weariness, loneliness, self-accusation tendency, hypersensitivity tendency and mental health status for the children with learning disability were found remarkably reduced. Meanwhile, the scores in the relationship of child and parents, the relationship of companions, the relationship of teacher and student, living environment, activity opportunity, social psychological status, social environment status and quality of life were found remarkably increased. A remarkable difference was found in the scores after psychological counseling (p<0.0l). Conclusions There are certain mental problems among children with learning disability, psychological counseling is effective in improving their mental health condition and quality of life.