试论清代的流人社会

A Tentative Study of the Society of the Banished Persons in Qing Dynasty:

清代流人社会是在主流社会之外、由严格的流放制度而强制形成的一种畸形的另类社会。因此,它既具有一般社会所共有的特征,也具有自身的特质。这就是,流人社会中存在着彼此间相互联系的社会基本群体,如家族、家庭、友邻等等,也存在一些正在发育中的如诗社、文社、戏班之类的群体,更形成了一系列有着自己特色的功能群体,如犯屯、官屯和流人台、站等。

The society of banished persons of the Qing dynasty is a lopsided different community resulting from the government 's severe system of banishment. It shares the features common to all ordinary societies while possessing unique characteristics of its own. In the society of the banished, there are such mutually related basic groups as clans, families, neighbors, etc. Social groups like poet societies, writers ' associations, dramatists ' associations, etc. are also developed within the banished society. Moreover, a whole series of functionary groups each with its own particular features such as villages of convicts, residents of officials and stops and stations, etc. spring up as a matter of course.