善恶美丑的多重变奏——论雨果小说人物的类型

Multiple Variations of Kindness, Evil, Beauty, and Ugliness --Studies on Categorization of Characters in Hugo' s Novels

雨果的小说人物呈现出鲜明的类型化特点,本文具体分析了雨果小说人物的四个类型:美丑善恶对比型、完美天使型、至善受难型、极恶魔鬼型。它们构成雨果小说艺术多重变奏的主旋律,分别给人以不同的审关心理感受,充分体现了作家的艺术对照原则和“真实之中有伟大,伟大之中有真实”的美学理想。作家的基督教二元论世界观和浪漫主义的文艺观决定了他的小说人物的类型化特征。

Characters in Victor Hugo's novels show vivid traits of categorization, a feature based on the authors world outlook of the Christian dualism and his opinions of Romanticism. This paper discusses four types of Hugo's characters: the contrastive type of the beautiful and the ugly, as well as the kind and the evil; the type of the perfect angels, the type of the kindest who are plagued by disasters, and the type of the most wicked demons. These four types constitute the main melody of multiple variations of the arts employed in Yugo's novels, arousing different aesthetic feelings in readers, fully displaying the contrastive principle of the author's arts, and clearly showing the aesthetic ideas of Romanticism: ' Greatness lies in truth, and truth in greatness.