酒西盆地水动力学特征与油气运移聚集

The Relationship Between The Hydrodynamics and the Migration and Accumulation of Hydorcatbons in Jiuxi Basin

酒西盆地可分为二大水文地质旋回,即白垩纪水文地质旋回和新生代水文地质旋回.每个旋回分为二个阶段,即沉积压实水流阶段和重力渗入水流阶段.水动力场、水化学场表明盆地南部油气富集带处于新生代水文地质旋回沉积压实水流的停滞泄水区,而北部单斜带处于重力渗入水流阶段.为了定量分析沉积压实水动力状况,本文提出了一种简便方法,即求解地上水均衡方程,可得出不同时期沉积水动力场特征.计算结果表明,白垩系原生油藏位于水动力场特定部位:高水头区中的低水头区、水头陡急变化带即停滞泄水区.

From the cyclic points of view, the present paper deals with the relationship between the underground water flow and hydrocarbons in Jiuxi basin. Two hydrogeological cycles can be classified in Jiuxi basin: Cretaceous and Cenozoic hydrogeological cycles, and each cycle can be further divided into two stages: compaction-driven and gravity underground water flow stages. Due to sedimentary great thickness and rapid depositional rates in Cenozoic hydrogeological cycle, compaction-driven hydrodynamic system was active and centrifugal, resulting in discharge zones in the southern and northern basin. Cap discharge favourable for hydrocarbon accumulation was formed in the southern basin because of caprocks of high quality and great thickness, and open discharge giving rise to hydrcarbon loss was formed in the northern basin because of caprocks of poor quality. After Ximalaya movement, the basin was uplifted and centripetal gravity flow should be formed due to the elevated periphery, but the compaction-driven hydrodynamic system in the southern basin was not replaced by the grqvity flow system because of caprocks of high quality. Despite of strong uplift of Qilianshan, the dominance of compaction-driven hydrodynamic system has continued to the present. In the northern basin due to caprocks of poor quality, the gravity flow system replaced rapidly the compaction-driven flow system and thd present flow direction reflects the hydrodynamic state of that stage. The late strong uplift of Qilianshen give rise to the tilt of the basin to the north and the flow direction in the northern basin is not changed because of shout time and low permeability. The investigation of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical fields indicates that the hydrocarbon accumulation zone of the southern basin is arranged in the stagnant zones of discharge in the compaction-driven flow of the Cenozoic hydrogeological cycle, and the northern zone is in gravity flow stage. With the finite difference method in the permeable equation for the underground water in hydrogeology, the hydrodynamic configurations in different stages in the consolidation basin are obtained in the preaent paper, the water currents after the maturity of the source rocks are examined in details, and in consequence, the hydraulic trap zones favourable for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons can be proposed here-the low hydraulic head zones in the high hydraulic zones, the zones of steep hydraulic head gradient, i.e., the stagnant zones of discharge.