对虾综合养殖生态系有机碳的平衡

Budget of organic carbon in shrimp polyculture ecosystems

采用围隔实验生态学方法研究了对虾综合养殖生态系有机碳的平衡,结果表明:(1)研究期间各实验围隔有机碳的总收入量为4847 46～6154 67g,平均为(5646 94±551 09)g.有机碳总收入量与浮游植物生产量、附生藻类生产量及颗粒饲料(含饵料鱼)等各组分碳收入量的比例平均为1∶0 73∶0 11∶0 16.(2)研究期间各实验围隔有机碳的总支出量为3310 28～3974 79g,平均为(3644 21±281 44)g.有机碳总支出量与浮游生物群落呼吸量、附生生物群落呼吸量、底栖群落呼吸量、养殖生物生产量、养殖生物呼吸量等各组分碳支出量的比例平均为1∶0 53∶0 19∶0 15∶0 04∶0 09.(3)各实验围隔有机碳积累量为1383 45～2707 31g,平均为(2002 73±546 76)g,占收入量的(35±7)%(26%～44%).不同养殖模式实验围隔依积累量大小顺序为:Y5(对虾-扇贝)、Y7(对虾-罗非鱼)、Y4(单养对虾)、T5(对虾-罗非鱼-缢蛏)、Y6(对虾-缢蛏).(4)围隔收入的有机碳对对虾的转化率为(1 77±0 62)%(0 76%～2 28%),转化率大小顺序为Y6,T5,Y4,Y5,Y7,收入的有机碳对全部养殖动物的转化率为(2 18±0 79)%(1 07%～3 12%),转化率大小顺序为T5,Y6,Y5,Y4,Y7.

The organic carbon budget of shrimp polyculture ecosystems is studied with five experimental enclosures. The results show that: (1)The total income of organic carbon fluctuated between 4 84746 and 6 15467 g,averaging 5 64694 g. The average ratio of this income to its components(total organic carbon income: phytoplankton production: periphyte production: feed casted) is 1∶ 073∶ 011∶ 016. (2) The total outcome of organic carbon fluctuated between 3 31028 and 3 97479 g, averaging (3 64421±28144) g. The average ratio of this outcome to its components (total organic carbon outcome to plankton community respiration to periphyton respiration to benthal respiration to cultured animal production to cultured animal respiration) is 1∶053∶019∶015∶004∶009. (3) The organic carbon accumulation fluctuated between 1 38361 and 2 70747 g, averaging (2 00273±54676) g per enclosure, which is 26%～44% of the total income of organic carbon. The sequence of the enclosures in organic carbon accumulation is Y5 (Penaeus chinensis-Argoprcten irradians) greater than Y7 (Penaeus chinensis-O. niloticus) greater than Y4 (O. mossambicus)greater than Y4(Penaeus chinensis)greater than Y5(Chinensis chinensis-O. niloticus-O. mossambicus-Sinonovacula constricta)greater than Y6(Penaeus chinensis-Sinonovacula constricta). (4)The average transformation rate of organic carbon income to Penaeus chinensis is (177±062)% (Y6 > T5 > Y4 > Y5 > Y7), and that to total cultured animals is (218±079)% (T5 > Y6 > Y5 > Y4 > Y7). 