沙漠地区人工固沙植被对土壤温度与土壤导温率的影响

Variation of Soil Temperature and Thermal Diffusivity in Vegetated and Bare Sand Dunes in Arid Desert Region

通过分析人工固沙植被区与流动沙丘区不同部位 (沙丘迎风坡、丘间低地、沙丘背风坡 )各层土壤温度梯度分布 ,及其月平均值变化与日变化特点 ,计算不同地表覆盖 (人工植被与裸沙区 )条件下的沙土导温率。结果表明 ,沙坡头地区 7～ 10月平均地温变化的振幅 ,在地面约为 16 2℃ ,振幅变化随深度的递增而迅速减小。在 0 0 5m深度处 ,地温年振幅为地面振幅的一半。 7～ 10月中地温最高最低出现的月份 ,随深度增加都呈滞后现象 ,但滞后的情况两者并不相同。另外 ,在 2 0cm以下深度内 ,7～ 10月月平均温度都高于 0℃。当观测深度按算术级数增加时 ,地温日振幅则以几何级数减小。尽管地温振幅日变化因天气情况不同大有差别 ,在相同的气象条件 (连续四日晴天 )下的研究发现 ,下垫面的影响作用不容忽视 ,尤其是由于植被覆盖度的差异而引起的地温日振幅与地温剖面分布变化。根据 1992年 8月观测记录 ,流沙区丘间地温日振幅最高达 2 6 2℃ (表层 ) ,最小值只有 1 8℃ (1m深 )。固沙植被区丘间低地最高日振幅为 2 5 9℃ (表层 ) ,最低值 4 3℃ (1m深 )。植被区地表层温度变幅小于流沙区 ,而深层温度波动显著。在 5cm深度处 ,植被区地温降至最低值的时间滞后于流沙区 2h以上 ,2

The gradients of soil temperature (ST) in both vegetated and bare sand area were investigated. Results indicate that daily fluctuation and mean monthly amplitude of ST are influenced by soil depths, terrains and plant coverage significantly. Soil temperature amplitude tends to decrease in geometric series as the observation depth increases. The mean monthly soil temperature amplitude from July to October was 16.2℃ on the surface, and at the depth of 5 cm, it decreased to 7.28℃. The mean monthly soil temperature was always above 0℃ below 20 cm of the ground surface. Daily soil temperature fluctuation has larger amplitude value on the surface of bare sand than that of the vegetated one. In bare sand dune, there was a declined trend of amplitude till 1 m, while in the vegetated region, arbitrary temperature amplitude due to roots activities.