萨满教与北方少数民族的环保意识

the Environmental Prototive Consciousness of Shamanism and the Minority Nationalities in the North

本文认为，萨满教作为一种自然宗教，维持着悠久的生态保护传统。在萨满教的观念和行为层面中都蕴含着爱护大自然、维护生态平衡和回归大自然的环境意识和环保精神，并以神灵的名义进行环境意识教育，建有一套行之有效的生态保护方式，既有观念层面上对环境破坏现象的预防措施，又有行为层面上限制环境破坏的宗教禁忌。本文从以树神的名义保护森林的措施，以水神的名义保护河流泉水，地神崇拜与土地保全，借助图腾禁忌保护物种的措施，预护火灾以免生存环境的毁灭性破坏等几个方面，全面、系统地分析和归纳了隐藏于北方民族萨满教神灵体系和观念体系中朴素的环境心理和环保意识。文章指出，在萨满教体系中有一套调适生态平衡、协调人与自然以及植物之间和谐关系的生态调控机制，其生态环境观中蕴含着人只能适应环境。

Abstract This article thinks. SaMan Religion as a natural religion, Keeps the long ecological proteetion tradition. In SaMan Religion's minds and acts all contains environmental consciousness and environmental proteetion spirit of proteeting nature, keeping ecological balance and turning back nature. Aan carries out environmental consciousness education in the name of spirit, sets up a effective ecological protection's measures, has precautionary measures to the phenomenon of environment is destoried in the minds, has religious ban to limit environment is destoried in aets. This artcle protects forest's measure in the name of tree god, proteets rives and spring in the name of water god, worships and protects land god, with the help of Tu Teng ban and things proteetion's measure, precaution fire in order to avoid existence environ mental destructive dustruction and so on. Analyses and sums up simple environmental psychology and proteets environmental consciousness which hidding in Nerth nation SaMan Religion's spirit system and idea system in an all-round way systematize. This article points out, in SaMan Religion's system, has a ecological contralled mechanism which conciliating,ecological balance, adjusting harmonious relation among men and nature and plants. IN eclolgical environmental mind contains only adapting men to cincumstances, harmoniously lives with them, can keep human beings's happy living and simple ecological philoso hpical and ethits idea.