我国地下脉金矿的开采状况

THE MINING SCENARIOS OF UNDERGROUND GOLD VEIN IN CHINA

我国脉金矿床均系中温热液破碎带蚀变岩型和高温热液石英脉型,其形态复杂多变,埋藏规模小,矿岩稳固性差。目前所使用的采矿方法主要有留矿法(占42.58％)、空场法(占25.80)、充填法(占31.46％)。40年来,中国黄金矿山因地制宜创造性地变革和发展了采矿工艺技术,如留矿全面法、水力充填采矿技术、无轨自行设备的使用,顶板加固技术、大孔落矿的高效采矿方法的使用等,使黄金矿山的采矿技术为之一新。但目前尚存在损失贫化大、矿块生产能力小、回采周期长、劳动强度大、开采强度低、机械化水平仍然不高、开采技术发展不平衡等问题。今后在金矿床开采中应致力于新的采矿方法研究和推广应用,改进和完善护顶技术,提高机械化水平。

In China,all of the gold veins are the mesothermal deposit with altered rock in a crushed zones and the hypothermal deposit with quartz vein, which are complicated and varied in configuration, small sizes in occurrence and poor in stability of ore and rock. The main mining methods used at present are shrinkage (42.58%) , open stoping (25.86%) , and backfilling (31.46%) . In the past 40 years, the mining technology with the local conditions was creatively developed and innovated in China's gold mines. For example, the development and application of shrinkage stoping with full face,hydraulic filling technology, trackless equipment, roof-bolting technique, large diameter longhole mining with high efficiency etc. have made the mining technology for gold mines to be innovated. However, there exist the problems on high loss and dilution of ore, low capacity in stope, long mining cycle, high labour intensity, low mining strength, poor mechanization and unbalanced in the development of mining technology etc. In the future, the efforts to research and deploy the mining methods, modify and perfect the roof support techniques and improve the mechanization should be made in the mining of gold deposits.