铁路隧道现场粉尘容许浓度的估算探讨

Estimation of Onsite Dust Allowable Concentration in Railway Tunneling

目的 估算铁路隧道现场粉尘容许浓度。方法 对铁路工程部门 9个局的隧道工 5 4 82名进行回顾性调查 ,收集从接尘开始到 1998年 12月底为止各隧道工人接尘史、粉尘浓度、分散度、接尘时间等 ,用直线回归法、寿命表法、呼吸粉尘值推算法、肺内石英粉尘负荷量估算法、肺内粉尘存留量反推法等 5种方法 ,计算现场粉尘容许浓度。结果 平均粉尘浓度为 2 0 5 1mg/m3 ,如果把患病率控制在 1%时 ,其容许浓度为 1 4 7～ 4 75mg/m3 。结论 5种方法计算的参与因素不同 ,结果也不同。

Objective To estimate onsite dust allowable concentration in railway tunneling.Methods A retrospective study of \{5 482\} tunnellers from 9 Railway Engineering Bureau was conducted.Dust exposure histories(till the end of 1998),dust concentration,dust dispersion,and length of dust exposure were investigated.Linear regression,life\|table,estimation of respirable dust value,estimation of dust\|load in the lung and pulmonary dust retention were used to calculate dust allowable concentration.Results Current onsite dust concentration was 20 51 mg/m\+3 .If the prevalence rate were to be set at 1%,the allowable concentration would be 1\^47～ 4 75 mg/m 3 .Conclusions Different dust concentrations can be calculated from 5 different methods.It suggested that non\|linear relationship existed between the prevalence rate of silicosis and cumulated dust exposure.