论孟德斯鸠与列宁权力制衡理论的不同

On the Difference of Power Balance Theory between Montesquieu and Lenin

孟德斯鸠和列宁都主张对权力进行制衡 ,以避免权力过度集中带来的危害 ,但他们的权力制衡理论有很多不同之处。孟德斯鸠的权力制衡理论主要是针对法国封建专制统治 ,从维护公民的“政治自由”的角度提出来的。他主张通过立法、行政、司法三权分立制衡来防止权力的滥用。列宁是从维护人民民主权利的根本目的出发 ,特别是在他晚年针对苏俄政治体制中出现的权力高度集中的现状进行了深入思考 ,提出了一系列的主张。他主张通过扩大人民参与政治的途径 ,发挥人民的民主权利来制约党政权力的过度集中。对孟德斯鸠和列宁权力制衡理论的不同之处 ,可以从权力制衡的目的、制约机制、权力制衡的主体等三个方面进行初步比较。

Montesquieu and Lenin advocated power balance in order to avoid the harmfulness because of over centralization of power but their theories about power balance are different each other.Montesquieu's theory of power balance aimed at feudal autocratic ruling of France and put forward his theory from the angle of protecting citzen's 'Political freedom',He advocated preventing abuse of power through power balance of legislation administration and judicature.From the essential purpose of protecting people's democratic rights,Lenin put forward a series of advocates,especially in his later years he deeply considered of the situation of the power's over centralization in the political system of the Soviet Union.He insisted on broadening the approach of the people's paticipating in politics and developing the democratic rights of the people in order to limit pover's over centralization of party and administrative systems.For the difference of power-balance theory between Montesqieu and Lenin we cak make preliminary comparision from three aspects including purpose of power balance,control system and the main-body of power balance.