社区参与森林管理及对天然林保护工程的启示

Community Participation in Forest Management and Its Enlightenment for Natural Forest Protection Program in China

随着天然林保护工程的全面展开 ,林区经济发展和林农生计问题日渐突出 ;但我国天然林保护工程设计的基本指导思想还大多局限于传统林学 ,尚未把天保工程纳入到当地社区发展中去 ,以促进当地群众参与天然林保护这一浩大的生态工程项目。目前 ,社区森林已不能可持续地支撑传统的“靠林吃林”的社会结构 ,社区的生产方式也正在转型。只有促进林区经济发展 ,改善当地居民的生计 ,提高他们参与保护和培育森林资源的积极性 ,降低摩擦成本乃至社会成本 ,才能有效地实施天保工程 ,实现预期的目标。

With the overall expansion of Natural Forest Protection Program(NFPP),the economic development of forest area and the livelihood of the people living there have gradually turn into problems.However,the basic guidelines of NFPP are limited to traditional forest protection,without the combination with local community development.The paper holds that it is important to bring local community into the whole ecological program.At present,the community forest can′t support sustainably the traditional social structure of 'taking wood for living'.The production manner of forest area has to be changed.Only when the livelihood of the local people is improved,the local economic development is improved and the local community actively participates in forest protection,can the expected objectives of NFPP be achieved.