从早期国家结构的基本形式看秦汉大一统政治的社会基础

The social foundation of the unitary state of Qin and Han dynasties as viewed from the early primitive state structure

先秦时期是“大一统”观念的孕育和形成的重要时期。夏、商时期 ,王权与专制主义得到了充分的孕育和初步的发展 ,天下一统的朦胧的政治理想已开始初露端倪。历代王朝对邑外的持续不断的开拓 ,初步奠定了一统国家的地域规模。西周王朝所开拓出的疆域 ,奠定了以后历代中原王朝统一的政治地理基础 ;同时 ,西周王朝通过对四土、四国之地的大批封建以及军事征服 ,从而使得西周王朝的千里邦畿和辽阔的四土、四国之地已紧密地联为一体。战国时期 ,郡县制政体下分立的中央集权制国家的建立及各国政治、经济、军事制度的逐步统一 ,将中国早期国家的结构形式推进至早期单一制阶段。

The Pre-Qin period was the time when the concept of 'unitary state'was given birth to.In the Xia and Shang dynasties,the imperial power and autocracy came into being and further developed.The expansion of territory by the above mentioned dynasties laid the foundation for the establishment of a unitary state.The Western Zhou Dynasty greatly expanded its territory by conguering Situ and siguo and became a vast country.During the Warring States Period the centralized states established and the political,economic and military systems of different states gradually became unified,thus forming early unitary state structure.