略论白朴的杂剧《墙头马上》——兼论杂剧与其故事所本白居易诗《井底引银瓶》两者题旨之优劣

A Brief Comment on Bai Pu's Dramatic Work "On the Wall and Horseback"--A Comparison of the Motifs of Bai Pu's Drama and its Original Basis of Bai Juyi's Poem "Drawing the Silver Glass out of the Bottom of the Well

白朴的《墙头马上》,是元杂剧中的一部喜剧杰作。剧本所塑造的女主人公李千金,以其襟怀磊落、率真泼辣、有着强烈的自主意识和独立人格而更具巾帼须眉的刚烈和豪气,从而显得卓尔不群,展示了她"这一个"典型人物的独特性格风采。为了追求幸福的爱情生活,她无视、蔑视封建伦理教条,毅然为所爱的人儿"舍了自己",献出了贞操。对此她无怨无悔,并且怒斥封建家长的虚伪残忍,抗声力辩为了挣脱礼教枷锁、赢得自主婚姻的权利而"私奔"的合理性,这就对剧本据之进行再创造的白居易的新乐府诗《井底引银瓶》的"止奔"主题,作出了革命性的反拨和提升。

Bai Pu's dramatic work 'On the Wall and Horseback' is a masterpiece of comic drama of the Yuan Dynasty. Li Qianjin, the protagonist in the play is a unique character with personal charms. Open-minded and upright, sincere and shrewd, she is a woman with strong sense of self-consciousness and independence. She stands out with no comparison because of her 'masculine and chivalric spirit.' In order to pursue her happiness of love, she dares to show contempt for the doctrines of feudal morality and decidedly gives up her chastity to her beloved. With no complaints and repentance, she angrily denounces the hypocrisy and cruelty of the patriarchal system in a powerful protest and attempt to break away from the feudal fetters of the mind. Her winning of the right for elopement as the justification of freedom in choosing her own spouse is a revolutionary refutation and elevation of Bai Juyi's theme of 'suspension of wanton elopement' in the poem 'Drawing the Silver Glass out of the Bottom of the Well', which originally inspired Bai Pu in his dramatic creation.