用养结合:先秦时期人类需求与生态资源的平衡统一

The Combination of Use and Maaintenance:the Balance and Unity Of the Human Need and Ecoresources at the Period of Xianqin

新石器时代至商代黄河流域的气候温暖湿润,生态资源条件优越。商周之际,在西北季风气候影响下,黄河流域转变为相对的干旱低温,这不仅导致土壤堆积的不同,而且也引起了生态资源的变异。再加上人口的增多、战争的破坏和无限制的开垦放牧,导致了动植物资源的缩减,影响到农牧业生产和整个国民经济,进而影响到统治阶级的利益和政权的稳固。为此,当时的有识之士纷纷呼吁采取保护措施,统治者也相应地制订一系列政策、法令,倡导用养结合、协调人与生态环境的平衡统一,全方位地保护生态资源。

In the period between the New Stone Age and the Shang Dynasty the climate and environment in the middle valloy of the Yellow River was warm and humid.The ecoresources conditions are excellent from the New Stone Age to the end of Shang Dynasty,but the climate at the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty changed to be dry,which led to the decrease of the ecoresources and endangered the farming and stockraising production and the whole national economy,so all the monarchs at that time made policies and laws to advocate for the combination of use and maintenance and the protection of the ecoresources.