中国农业雹灾灾情及其季节分区

Agricultural hail disaster and its seasonal regionalization in China

根据中国雹灾灾情数据库资料,中国雹灾受灾、成灾面积均呈下降趋势,但成灾率仍呈上升趋势。雹灾季节变化明显,春夏为全国降雹的主要时段,4～9月出现的冰雹次数约占全年总次数的92.3%。降雹与成灾在空间分布上有明显的差异,成灾中心集中在黄淮海平原及江南丘陵地区。本文基于县级雹灾季节类型图和农业综合区划图,采用"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合的方法对雹灾进行了季节分区,将全国分为5个雹灾类型大区:夏季型(I)、春末夏初-夏季型(II)、春末夏初-双峰型(III)、春季型(IV)、夏季-双峰型(V),以及16个二级雹灾亚区,28个三级雹灾区。

Based on the hail disaster databases, both hail hazardaffected area and damaged area show a descending trend but an ascending trend appears in ratio of the later to the former in China during 1988～2000. The hail hazard appears seasonaly and about 92.3% hail fall in April to September. The center of hail hazard is different from that of hail fall and occurs mainly in HuangHuaiHai Plain and Jiangnan hilly land. Based on the map of seasonal hail hazard with county as unit and the map of agricultural comprehensive regionalization, China is divided to five types of hail hazard regions with 16 subregions and 28 thirdlevel regions. The five regions are: summer type(I), laterspring/earlysummer and summer type(II);laterspring and early-summer and double peak type(III) ; spring type(IV); summer & double peak type(V).