控释氮肥对辣椒的生理效应及利用率研究

Study on physiological effect and fertilizer utilization rate of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer for pepper

利用盆栽试验和田间生物试验,研究了控释N肥脲醛类肥料品种脲甲醛(UF)与速效N肥不同品种对辣椒生长、形态指标、产量及利用率的影响;并采用覆膜和露地2种大田栽培法探讨了不同控释肥用量对辣椒产量和品质的肥料效应。结果表明,辣椒对控释N肥中N的吸收利用率最高,达44 4%,较其它N肥品种提高17 46%～46 05%,其产量为CK的1 88倍。N肥品种的增产效应顺序为UF>CO(NH2)2>NH4NO3>NH4HCO3;UF处理,辣椒的果长、果宽、单果重及座果率等指标明显高于其它速效N肥品种。控释N肥用量试验表明,产量与用量密切相关,以600kg/hm2投入可取得较高的产量和经济效益,过量施用,效益显著下降。控释肥相同用量,覆膜栽培较露地栽培增产15 16%～16 45%;辣椒总糖、维生素C含量有随施用量增加而增加的趋势,但对干物质量及总酸度的影响较小。

Soil culture and field biological experiment was used to study the influence on growth, morphological index, yield and fertilizer utilization rate of pepper(\%Capsicum annuum\% L.)with different nitrogen fertilizers, and the effect of fertilizer on yield and qualities of pepper in two planting methods with and without plastic film covering The results showed that urea formaldehyde (UF) had the highest rate of absorption and utilization, ie 444%, increased 1746% ～4605% compared with other fertilizer The order of increasing yield of fertilizers was UF> CO(NH2)2> NH4NO3> NH4HCO3 Yield of UF treatment was 188 times that of CK, the index of length, width of fruit weight per fruit and fruit rate of pepper increased markedly compared with the other treatments The yield was positively related to UF rate, when UF rate was 600kg/hm2, the yield and economic benefit were higher, and fertilizer benefit dropped with UF in excess Compared covered plastic film with uncovered soil planting in same rate of UF, the treatment of covered plastic film planting increased yield range by 1516% to 1645%, and the contents of total sugar and vitamin C increased with the increase of UF, but the effects on dry matter and total acidity were smaller