实验犯罪学的兴起及其对循证警务的贡献

The Rise of Experimental Criminology and Its Contributions to Evidence-Based Policing

在实验犯罪学逐渐兴起的过程中,它为犯罪学理论检验和犯罪对策评估提供了内部效度更高的证据,特别是为循证警务提供了更加坚实的决策参考。一方面,传统警务模式中的随机巡逻、快速响应、反应侦查等措施基本上未能获得充分的证据支持;另一方面,热点警务、问题导向警务、社区警务等新模式则更加遵循了循证警务的基本理念,并获得了实验犯罪学证据的总体性支持。尽管在西方社会背景下发展起来的实验犯罪学依然面临着某些伦理、法律和方法论方面的挑战,因而并不能简单地移植为中国语境之下的警务改革之证据;但是,实验犯罪学以及循证警务的基本理念与西方实践可以为我国犯罪控制政策的科学化之路提供必要的借鉴。

In the process of rising,experimental criminology has been making many contributions to theory testing and program evaluation in the terms of validity of evidence,and especially to the development of evidencebased policing. On the one hand,the traditional policing,such as random patrol,rapid response,reactive investigation,did not garner sufficient evidences from experimental criminology;On the other hand,the burgeoning modes,such as community policing,hot spots policing and problem-oriented policing,obey more strictly the principles of evidence-based policing and garner overwhelming support from experimental criminology. Almost all of experimental criminological researches were conducted in western societies,and not without challenges in ethics,law,and methodology,thus,they should not be taken for granted as the evidential basis of native policing reforms.However,if both native criminologists and practitioners grasp the fundamental ideas and various practices which underlies experimental criminology and evidence-based policing,it should be beneficial for the scientific trend of crime control strategies in our society.