清代浙江南田诸岛的封禁与展复

The Policy of Prohibition and lift ban on the Nantian Islands of Zhejiang in Qing Dynasty

清初,清廷为困扼东南沿海反抗势力,实施迁界封岛的海防措施,南田诸岛也在封禁之列。东南海疆荡平之后,沿海岛屿陆续展复,而清廷对南田诸岛的弛禁却相当谨慎。清廷内部对封禁还是展复争议不断,历经乾隆间展复的讨论、嘉道间弛禁再议、同光间复议开禁。讨论的结果是,乾隆朝明令严禁、严杜官民请开,道光朝立碑示禁、设官置兵防偷越,光绪朝复议开禁、设局招垦。清代南田诸岛的长期封禁与最后展复,与清代各个时期海防形势的变化,以及清廷的海防认识密切相关。

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing government in order to besieged the opposition forces in the southeast coast, implement the coastal defense measures of boundary move and ban islands, Nantian islands were also on the banned list. After the southeastern coastal areas is pacified,coastal islands be lift a ban in succession, but the Qing government is quite cautious on Nantian islands' lift ban.There have a continuous debate in the Qing government about ban or lift a ban on coastal inlands, experienced Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang, Tongzhi and Guangxu periods' discussion.The result of the discussion is expressly prohibited and severely put an end the officer and civilian to beg to lift the ban during Qianlong period, set up stone to shows the forbidden and appoint officials and dispatch soldiers to prevent someone sneak into the ban islands during Daoguang period,established a Reclamation Bureau in Guangxu period. Nantian islands long-term banned and at the last lift a ban is close related with the change situation of coastal defense in Qing Dynasty and the Qing government's awareness on coastal defense.