论中国海洋执法体制——以规范分析为视角

On Chinese Marine Law Enforcement Institutional Arrangement——From the View of Normative Analysis

在世界范围内海洋权益之争频繁发生、渐趋激化的背景下,中国海洋执法体制重构正在缓慢而艰难地推进中。认知对象是改造对象的前提和基础,全面认识、正确评价现行海洋执法体制对于中国海洋执法体制重构的顺利开展和海洋管控能力的持续提升具有重要的现实意义。文章按照"法律规范说"的理路,聚力于立法分析的视角,按照模糊主体、单一确定主体和多元确定主体,明确授权和指引授权,独立负责、分类管理和主次配合等不同标准,从执法主体、执法权限、执法机制等不同层面系统梳理了我国部门规章以上的涉海法律规范,全面分析、深入揭示了我国海洋执法体制建构的制度安排、布局现状和鲜明特点。

The reconstruction of Chinese marine law enforcement system has been put on the agenda hard and tardily under the background of frequent occurrence of maritime rights and interests disputes worldwide. It has important practical significance to comprehensively understand and correctly evaluate the current marine law enforcement system for the smooth reconstruction of Chinese maritime law enforcement system and continuous enhancement of Chinese marine control ability. In consideration of the principle that cognition is the premise and foundation of reconstruction, the article focuses on legislation analysis based on different standards, systematically combs Chinese marine legal norms above departmental rules in the perspective of the law enforcement main body, the law enforcement authority,the law enforcement mechanism along with the way of 'legal norms theory' and then comprehensively analyzes and deeply reveales the system arrangement, the present situation and the construction characteristics of Chinese marine law enforcement system.