英国地方现代警察制度建立研究

On the Establishment of Local Modern Police System in England

英国地方经过1835年《市镇自治机关法》、1839年《郡警察法》和1856年《郡和自治市警察法》的出台和实施,逐渐形成了一整套从中央到地方覆盖全国的现代警察制度。从此政府逐渐取代社会大众成为承担治安工作的责任主体。英国地方警察制度初步确立起中央政府、地方治安委员会和警察局长的英国特色的三方领导体制,成为一百多年来英国警察制度的基石。英国地方现代警察制度的建立历经极大阻力,各方力量对新警察模式争议很大,过程充满着矛盾、争议和协商妥协。

After Municipal Corporations Act of 1835,County Police Act of 1839,and County and Borough Police Act of 1856 were issued and implemented,a whole set of modern police system gradually formed,covering the government at all levels from central to local.Since then,the government has come to replace the public as the main body responsible for policing work.The British local police system,which preliminarily established a three-party leadership system of central government,local Watch Committee and police chiefs with British characteristics,became the cornerstone of the British police system for over a hundred years.The establishment of the local modern police system in England has experienced great resistance,and all parties have controversial power over the new police mode,which was full of contradictions,controversies and compromises in the process.