嵌入联结领域:后单位社区安全治理的新框架

Embedding the Field of Linkage:A New Framework of Post-unit Community Security Governance

社会安全理论及其实践发展脉络由"实体主义"逐渐迈向"认同理念",因此,社区安全的核心也在于"认同的安全"。在总结剖析哈贝马斯"公共领域"、黄宗智"第三领域"的基础上,学界尝试提出兼具"国家在场"和"社会支持"双重属性的"联结领域"概念。后单位社区安全出现困境和危机的根源在于"认同的分裂"与"联结领域的中断"。对此,应当以嵌入联结领域为切入点,探索构建后单位社区安全的治理框架。从基本思路来看,一是促进"公共体系"与"个人场域"双向嵌入以满足国家控制和居民服务的双重需求;二是挖掘联结领域多元载体,从"参与治理"迈向"合作治理",既发挥主体各自优势,又形成整体集合优势;三是不断适应后单位时代"分散条状"的部门专业化新治理体系,进一步提升基础性权力作用,从"权威治理"迈向"弥散化治理"。从具体实践来看,一是以联结政府与居民为核心,重塑基层党组织、社区居委会与社区警务效能;二是充分挖掘传统单位、市场企业、社会组织与关键个体等差异化、地方性的联结载体资源;三是完善和提升政府制度化建设与专业化监管能力,规避社会治理主体的"选择性服务"问题,最终实现后单位社区安全有序的目标。

The theory of Social Security and its practices have been gradually progressing from the'entity doctrine'towards'identity concept'.Therefore,the core of community security lies in the'identity security'.Based on the analysis of Habermas’s'Public Domain'and Huang Zongzhi’s'Third Field'this paper attempts to propose the concept of'linkage field'with the dual attributes of'national presence'and'social support'.The root cause of the dilemmas and crises in post-unit community security lies in the'split of identity'and the'discontinuity in the area of linkage'.In this regard,with the embedded connection field as the starting point,this paper explores to build a governance framework for post-unit community security.From the perspective of basic ideas,the first point to build the framework is to promote the two-way embedding of'public system'and'personal field'to meet the dual needs of state control and resident services;the second point is to inquire into the multiple carriers in the field of linkage,developing from'participatory governance'to'cooperative governance',which not only exploits their respective advantages,but also forms an overall collective advantage.The third point is to constantly adapt to the'decentralized and stripped'sector-specific new governance system in the post-unit era and further enhance the role of basic power,evolving'authoritative governance'toward'diversification governance'.From the perspective of specific practices,firstly,it needs to take the government and residents linkage as the core work,reshaping the effectiveness of basic-level party organizations,community neighborhood committees,as well as the community policing;secondly,it needs to fully exploit the carrier resources of differential and local connections,such as traditional units,market companies,social organizations,and key individuals,etc.Last but not least,it needs to improve and enhance the capabilities of government’s institutionalization and professional supervision,to avoid the'selective services'issue of the main body of social governance,and ultimately to achieve the goal of safe and orderly post-unit community.