论作为行政裁量统制手段的行政规则——以警察武力使用裁量规则为重点

Administrative Rules as a Means of Administrative Discretionary Control——Focus on the Discretionary Rules of the Use of Police Force

行政规则是实现行政自我拘束的一种方式,它对提升警察武力使用裁量的正当性具有独特的和重要的地位。行政规则因其能弥补立法(司法)统制的不足和更为有效观照统制要点,故成为最为有效的行政裁量统制手段。行政规则对行政裁量的统制作用主要是通过其对行政机关的拘束力而实现的。行政规则对行政机关的拘束力有强、中、弱之别,其因拘束事项的不同,而有不同体现。行政裁量的有效统制呼唤良好行政规则,良好行政规则体现在实质和形式两个方面,前者要求行政规则的实体内容既合法又合理,后者要求行政规则本身的明确性、公开性和实效性。良好行政规则的建构,有赖于公众参与、信息公开和司法审查等途径的畅通。

As a means of administrative self-restraint,administrative rules have a unique and important position in enhancing the legitimacy of administrative discretion over the use of police force.Administrative rules have become the most effective means of controlling administrative discretion because they can address the deficiency of legislative(judicial)control and pay more attention to the main points of the controlsystem.Administrative rules control administrative discretion mainly by its binding force on administrative organs.Because of different constraints,administrative rules have different degrees of binding force on administrative organs,such as strong,medium and weak.The effective control of administrative discretion calls for good administrative rules.Good administrative rules are embodied in two aspects:substance and form.The former requires that the substantive content of administrative rules meet the requirements of legitimacy and reasonableness,and the latter requires that administrative rules meet the requirements of clarity,openness and effectiveness.The construction of good administrative rules depends on public participation,information disclosure and judicial review.