范式理论的价值及其对社会科学学科的指引——兼论公安学学科范式研究的必要性

The Value of Paradigm Theory and Its Guidance for Social Sciences——Necessity of Research on the Disciplinary Paradigm of the Science of Public Security

学科是外在的社会建制与内在的知识建制有机结合的规范体,知识建制是学科存在的内在依据,社会建制是学科发展的外在条件。范式理论源于库恩对自然科学的考察,由于该理论本身具有的多学科包容性和良好的解释力,使其被引入社会科学并实现了跨学科的应用,对社会科学发展具有良好的指引作用。学科范式是共有世界观支配下的知识体系,知识建制本质上就是学科范式。学科范式不仅是学科成型的标志,还是学科建设的"蓝本"和学科规训的基本"章程"。社会科学学科范式的构造是一个逻辑演绎与推理的过程,即先明晰学科价值追求,确立学科核心概念,通过核心概念繁衍基本概念,从而形成概念体系,并在此基础上构建学科的知识谱系,搭建基本理论架构,寻找学科发展的动力机制,探索知识生产方法。此外,学科范式内在地要求确立一整套完整的人才培养方法和评价机制,对这些要素的研究与展开本质上是学科范式构建的过程。对于新生的公安学一级学科,学科建设应当走内涵式发展道路,将学科范式研究置于先导性地位,发挥其对学术共同体的规训作用,使学科建设在既有的世界观和思维方式指导下沿着正确的方向发展。

Discipline is a canonical system combining social system with knowledge system.Knowledge system is the internal basis of a discipline’s existence,while social system is an external factor of its development.The Paradigm theory stems from Thomas S.Kuhn’s investigation of natural sciences.Because of its multidisciplinary inclusiveness and good explanatory power,the theory,after being introduced into social sciences,began to play an interdisciplinary role-guiding the development of social sciences.The disciplinary paradigm is a knowledge system dominated by the shared world outlook.Knowledge system is essentially identical to the disciplinary paradigm.The latter is not only the symbol of discipline’s formation,but also the blueprint and rules of its construction.Building up the disciplinary paradigm of social sciences is a process of logical deduction and reasoning.We should clarify the value of discipline and define its core concepts to develop the conceptual system consisting of basic concepts which are derived from core concepts.On this basis,the knowledge genealogies and the basic theoretical framework are generated.A dynamic development mechanism and methods of producing knowledge simultaneously are explored.In addition,the discipline paradigm inherently requires an established complete set of personnel training methods and evaluation mechanism.The essence of research on these elements is a process of constructing the disciplinary paradigm.As a newly-selected'first-class discipline',the construction of Public Security Science should go in the direction of connotative development,make the research on disciplinary paradigm a priority and play a disciplinary role in the academic community to ensure the discipline,under the guidance of the existing world outlook and way of thinking,go on the right track.