规范视野下毒品定义要素的批判与重构

Critical analysis and Reconstitution of the Concept of Narcotic Drug from A Normative Perspective

毒品是事实判断中立的物质,其根据立法者的价值判断而成为国家管制的对象。管制的态度赋予了其刑法上的可罚性,毒品的属性与法律管制的正当性之间存在直接因果关系。管制制度应当解释毒品受到管制并予以否定评价的理由,以此作为公民违法性认识的前提,保障公民对惩戒的预测可能性。毒品兼具多重属性,但事实属性与规范属性之间并无绝对的对应关系。立法基于社会秩序维持目的,发挥不同部门法差异性的作用,将毒品列入管制的理由极其复杂。事实属性并不具有法律意义上的类型化特征,应当将规范属性作为毒品的本质属性,以此推动毒品管制制度的法治化。

As a neutral substance,the narcotic drug is State-controlled based on legislators’value judgment.Control means criminal punishment.The attribute of the narcotic drug determines the legitimacy of legal control.The system of drug control should explain the reason of drug control and provide reasonable warnings for citizens.The narcotic drug has many attributes in which factual attribute is not corresponding to legal attribute.When it comes to the legislation of drug control,reasons are complicated.Factual attribute does not have categorical features and legal attribute should be regarded as the core attribute of the concept of the narcotic drug in order to legalize the drug control system.