从新版海洋学说看俄罗斯海洋战略的新变化

Implications of Russia's New Maritime Doctrine on its Maritime Strategies

作为一个海洋强国,俄罗斯历来重视国家海洋权益,注重海洋开发。普京上台后,2001年颁布了《俄罗斯联邦2020年前海洋学说》。面对复杂严峻的国际、国内形势,为更好适应新时期俄罗斯海洋活动需求、维护国家海洋权益,2015年7月26日,在俄罗斯海军日这一特殊日子,俄联邦发布了新版海洋学说。作为一份确定国家海洋政策的基础性纲领文件,新版海洋学说将对未来俄联邦海洋活动具有重要的指导意义。本文拟基于新版海洋学说,通过与2001版海洋学说加以对比,探究其出台的背景,分析俄罗斯海洋战略新变化,把握俄罗斯未来20年的海洋活动新动向。

As a maritime power,Russia always attaches importance to its national marine rights,interests and development.After Putin came to power,the Russian Federation Maritime Doctrine for the Period through 2020 was promulgated in 2001.In grim face of complex international and domestic situation,and in order to better adapt to the needs of the new era of Russian maritime activities and safeguard national marine rights and interests,Russia released a new version of the Russian Federation Maritime Doctrine on July 26,2015,the Russian Navy Day.As a basic document for framing national ocean policies,the new maritime doctrine is of fundamental significance for guiding Russia's future marine activities.This paper,by means of comparing and contrasting the new maritime doctrine with the 2001 version,analyses the background of its introduction and the new changes in Russia's maritime strategy,with an attempt to explore the new trends of Russia's marine activities in the next two decades.