后奥斯陆时代巴勒斯坦被占领土上犹太定居点的新发展

New Developments of Jewish Settlements in Occupied Palestinian Territories in Post-Oslo Era

后奥斯陆时代巴勒斯坦被占领土上的犹太定居点问题成为阻碍巴以继续和谈的最大障碍。纯粹为阻止以色列将《希伯来圣经》'应许之地'归还给巴勒斯坦人,由极端的犹太教徒和犹太民族主义者非法建立的'前哨定居点'在约旦河西岸的大量涌现,以及以色列政府对这种行为的偏袒,标志着巴勒斯坦被占领土上的犹太定居活动不再以有利于以色列国家的战略部署为出发点,而更多地基于宗教和国内政治的考量。尽管定居活动及与定居者有关的暴力加剧了巴以冲突,给双方造成安全威胁,给以色列经济带来沉重负担,并严重恶化以色列的国际形象,但在以色列国内,定居者利益集团'挟持'政府,得以在国会通过一系列推动定居点建设、让反对者'禁声'的法案。在以色列社会整体右倾的当下,定居点问题成为阻碍巴以和平进程的不可逾越之堑。

Although the Oslo Accords between Israelis and Palestinians in 1993 forbade building of new settlements in the occupied territories,the Post Oslo era has witnessed dramatic expansion of Jewish settlements in the West Bank parallel to the increase in the number of Jewish settlers there.As a new phenomenon after the Oslo Accords,illegal Jewish outposts have mushroomed throughout the West Bank,and a large part of them have been approved post-factum by the Israeli authorities,only a very few having been dismantled.The ongoing expansion of settlements and outposts is motivated primarily by the desire of the religious and ultra-nationalist Jewish groups to preclude any possibility of a further retreat from what they consider to be the'promised land'.Settlement building has become the major focus of tension with the Palestinians,bringing about repeated protests and strong anti-Is-raeli sentiments.Abroad,the ongoing expansion of settlements and the strong pro-settlement stance of the Israeli Netanyahu government have intensified international criticism of Israel,while domestically the settlements are controversial not only because of political opposition to their expansion but also because of the their spiraling costs.Nonetheless,the settlers and their allies have succeeded in quelling the opposition and considerably increasing domestic legitimacy of the settlement movement.