博物馆演变史纲

Essentials of the History of the Evolutionary Changes of Museum

本文历史地、辩证地陈述了廿多个世纪以来博物馆现象演变的史略。阐述了博物馆在嬗变演进的历程中,不断发展自己又不断否定自己的历史原因和社会条件。从多角度研究博物馆演变。从文化史角度看,博物馆文化现象经历了收藏珍品的原始形态阶段,收藏珍品、科学研究的复合形态阶段,收藏、科研、教育的三职能复合形态阶段以及当代多职能复合形态。从社会史角度看,博物馆现象经历了私人秘藏阶段,社会上层开放阶段,社会公众开放阶段和博物馆发展外化阶段。伴随三职能的出现博物馆内部机制经历了两次大分工。

This treatise historically and dialectically describes the evolutionary changes of museum phenomena which occured in the past twenty centuries. It addresses the historic causes and social prequisities of the development of museum. The author examines the evolution of museum from various angles: Viewed from the cultural history standpoint, museum phenomena have experienced four stages : 1. original stage (collecting treasures) , 2. comprehensive stage (collecting treasures and scientific researching), 3. tri-functional comprehensive stage (collecting, researching and educating), 4. contemporary and multi-functional comprehensive stage; Viewed from the social history standpoint, museum phenomena have experienced also four stages : 1. the stage of personal collection, 2. the Stage of opening to members of upperstrata, 3. the stage of opening to the public, 4. the stage of museum's development. The tri-functional comprehensive stage is accompanied by two great divisions of labor in museum's internal system.