湖南春大豆高产综合技术研究及其利用开发

STUDIES ON AGRONOMIC MEASURES FOR HIGH YIELD OF SPRING SOYBEAN AND THEIR APPLICATION HUNAN PROVINCE

本研究以优良品种为材料,采用五元二次正交回归旋转组合设计,通过田间测定参数,对密度(X_1)和氮(X_2)、磷(X_3)、钾(X_4)、硼(X_5)施用量与产量的关系,以及双因素互作的产量效应进行了探讨,研究结果表明:(1)湖南近年育成的春大豆新品种均具有亩产180～230kg的生产潜力;(2)大豆最佳种植密度因品种特性和土壤肥力的不同而有较大差异,一般为2.4～3.6万株;(3)不论稻田或旱土施用氮肥均有明显的增产效果,施用量为每亩5.0～20.0kg;(4)施用磷、钾、硼肥均有一定增产作用,每亩用量分别为过磷酸钙25.0～50.0kg、氯化钾7.5～22.5kg、硼砂0.4～0.8kg;(5)提出了以优良品种为中心的高产综合农艺模式,经大面积示范、推广、高产综合农艺模式亩产130.2～180.0kg,比对照(常规栽培)增产22.78％～73.1％。

The recently developed elite Spring soybean cultivars were used for the materials and five -factorial guadratic orthogonal rotation regression and method for the design of experment in this .study to determine the effects of plant density, applied amount of each of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and borax, their respective and factorial interacting, on seed yields. The results showed that (1) the new spring soybean cultivars recently developed in Hunan province all had the potential for production of 180 - 230kg seeds per mu. (2) The optimum plant density, being approximately between 24 and 36 thousand plants per mu, varied with the used soybean cultivars and fertilization of soils where soybeans were being grown. (3) Application of nitrogen fertilizer, varying from 5 to. 20 kg urea per mu, remarkably promoted the seed yields regardless of the soil, paddy field or upland, used for growing soybean. (4) Application of phosphate fertilizer, patash fertilizer or borax had the positive effect on seed yield. The applied amount per mu for phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and boron element varied in the range of 25-50 kg calcium superphosphate, 7. 5 - 22. 5 kg potassium chloride and 0. 4 - 0. 8 kg bo-tax , respectively. The systematic agronomic measures for high yield of soybean, including use of the elite eultivars, were proposed and applied on a large scale. The prodution of soybean grownin this way was 130. 2- 80. 0 kg per mu, 22. 78-73. 1% higher than that in the conventionalway.