从《论语》中对管仲的评价看孔子的王霸观

Confucius' View on Kingcraft and Hegemony from the Evaluation of Guan Zhong in The Analects of Confucius

从华夏文明的保存和延续、天下的和谐统一等角度看待管仲的所作所为,表明了孔子从更为恢弘深远的层面看待王霸之事。孔子希望通过恢复周礼的方式实现王道政治,而从对管仲的评价中又可以看出他并非简单地反对霸道。崇尚王道、不废霸道的思路表明孔子对待理想与现实的中庸圆融态度,而非无视当时诸侯争霸的现实,对王道和霸道作非此即彼的评价。可见在孔子那里,王道与霸道并非截然对立的,而是在一定条件下可以互为补充、相互支撑。

Viewing at Guan Zhong’s actions from the perspectives of the preservation and continuation of the Chinese civilization and the harmonious unity of the world,we can see that Confucius expounds kingcraft and hegemony in a more profound and far-reaching way.Confucius hopes to realize kingcraft politics by restoring to Zhou Li.From the evaluation of Guan Zhong,we can see that he is not simply opposed to hegemony.The idea of advocating the kingdom and not abolishing the hegemony shows that Confucius treats the ideals and reality with a moderate attitude,instead of ignoring the reality of the hegemony of the lords at that time,and evaluating the kingdom and hegemony one by one.It can be seen that in Confucius eyes,the kingdom and the hegemony are not completely opposite,they can complement each other and support each other under certain conditions.