康德论道德共同体和个人道德进步

On Kant's Moral Community and Personal Moral Progress

在《道德形而上学奠基》里,康德将理想道德社会共同体论述为共同体内部人与人之间目的保持一致。当代学者批评康德理想道德共同体的概念忽视了对个人道德发展的考察。因此,将试图重新审视在整个康德体系中的共同体概念,指出康德在道德、美学和政治著作中寻找并做出共同体同个人道德进步协调发展的论述。康德运用语言学方法阐述个体如何在共同体中相互作用,个体逐渐具备道德素养,愿意遵守与他人目的和准则相一致的准则。康德对道德和宗教关系的系统论述,指明了一条趋近实现理想道德共同体的现实路径。

In'The Foundation of Moral Metaphysics',Kant regards the ideal moral social community as the consistency in the social community.The contemporary scholars criticize the concept of Kant for the negligence of the investigation of personal moral development.In this regard,this paper attempts to reexamine the concept of community in the entire Kantian system and points out that Kant seeks out and develops the harmonious development of the collective moral development in the moral,aesthetic,and political writings.Kant explains through linguistic means that individuals interact with each other in the community and gradually become morally literate.They are willing to abide by the principles that are consistent with the purposes and norms of others.Kant’s systematic exposition of moral and religious relationships indicates a realistic approach to achieving an ideal moral community.