面向需求的高速公路网检测器布置方法

Demand-oriented Method of Traffic Detector Layout in Expressway Network

交通流信息采集需求可分为交通规划、路段运营管理、交通流管控三个层次。定义满足交通规划需求的检测器布置方案为最小检测器布置,满足交通状态估计与投资相平衡的检测器布置为最优检测器布置。将高速公路网视为有向图,边数与节点数之差为最小检测器数量,利用最小边控制集的思想得到最小检测器布置方案。运用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对不同检测器布置方案下交通流状态进行估计,计算估计偏差,以获得最优检测器布置。通过数例对提出的分层优化方法进行了仿真试验,验证了方法的有效性。

The requirement of traffic information detection can be split into three hierarchies:transportation planning,operations management and traffic control.Based on which,two hierarchies of the detector layout are defined in this paper: the minimum detector layout to be used for the flow detection and the optimal detector layout to be used for balancing the detection accuracy with investment.The geometric model of the expressway network is substantially equivalent a directed graph.The minimum detector quantity is the different between the number of arcs and the nodes.The minimum detector layout can be obtained by using the minimum edge control set.Estimate the traffic state of different detector layout by using the Extended Kalman Filter method,calculate the estimation deviation,and the detector configuration is optimized. A series of simulation is conducted to test the proposed method in a regional expressway network,and attest to the effectiveness of the method.