考虑成本效率的碳减排政策工具最优选择

Optimal Choice of Carbon Emissions Reduction Policy Instruments Considering Cost Effectiveness

采用管制最优规划模型,同时考虑减排成本、监督成本和惩罚成本,在分别实施命令-控制型的碳排放标准和市场激励型的碳排放权交易许可两种政策工具条件下,对监管者最优成本效率的监管决策进行分析,并对这两种碳排放政策工具的成本效率进行对比研究。研究表明:在严格依照碳排放总量控制目标前提下,监管者可以通过调控碳排放标准和监督概率变动所产生的边际成本使社会经济成本实现最优成本效率;而实施碳排放权交易许可在监督成本较低并满足特定条件情况下,可以使社会经济成本实现最优成本效率;通过比较分析,在不完全信息条件下碳排放权交易许可较碳排放标准更具成本效率。最后,结合结论对我国目前在碳排放监管中的政策工具选择与实施问题提出相关的政策建议,为我国碳减排政策工具的设计、实施和选择提供参考。

This paper adopts the regulatory optimal plan model considering the abatement costs,monitoring costs and the sanctioning costs at the same time.The conditions of optimal cost-efficient regulatory decisions are derived based on carbon emission standards that belongs to the police instrument of command and control and carbon tradable permits that belongs to the police instrument of market incentives,and the cost efficiency of the above two carbon emission policy instruments is compared.Conclusions are as follows:In order to complete the carbon emission reduction targets that caps aggregate carbon emissions of a given emissions,the marginal cost of changing carbon emission standards and probability of inspection can be regulated by regulator to make the social and economic costs to realize the optimal cost efficiency;Implementing carbon trading permits can make the social and economic costs to realize the optimal cost efficiency under the low monitoring costs and special conditions;Through comparative analysis,carbon trading permits have more cost efficient than that of carbon emission standards under imperfect information.Finally,the policy suggestions that combine with the conclusion are given to solve the problem of choice and enforcement of policy instruments existing in carbon emission regulation,and references are provided for the design,enforcement and choice of carbon emission reduction policy instruments of our country.