社会力模型中行人的心理因素和随机行为对人群疏散过程的影响

The Impact of Psychology and Randomness on the Evacuation of Pedestrians:A Modification of Social Force Model

对人群的集体运动进行模拟在基础研究和辅助交通设施设计方面都有重要意义。基于流行的社会力模型,改进的社会力模型考虑了行人的心理因素和行人运动随机性对人群运动行为的影响,可以更真实的模拟人群的实际运动行为。人群疏散行为是一个典型的人群运动问题。利用改进的社会力模型对人群疏散行为进行了模拟,结果表明,在行人密度较大,行人间距离较小的竞争性或恐慌性的疏散模式下,心理因素和随机因素对人群的运动行为有明显的影响。在疏散过程中,行人一定程度的焦虑会提高疏散效率,但是过高的焦虑程度反而不利于人群的疏散;行人随机行为也可以明显的缩短疏散时间,但是随机因子在一定范围内的选择并不会明显影响行人疏散的效率。

Simulations of pedestrian behavior are very important for both of the fundamental research and the design of traffic facilities.Based on the popular social force model,the modified social force model include the important impact of psychology and randomness on the pedestrian behavior,and can simulate the collective movement of pedestrians more accurately.Evacuation of pedestrians is a classic pedestrian behavior problem.The simulation results based on the modified model indicate that anxiousness factor and randomness factor play a non-ignorable impact on the pedestrian behavior when the density of pedestrian is large enough.A certain degree of anxiousness of pedestrian will increase the efficiency of evacuation,but too severe anxiousness will have an opposite effect.The randomness of pedestrian will also accelerate the evacuation process to some extent.