MIT“项目中心课程”人才培养模式解析及启示

Analysis of MIT's Talent Training Mode of Project-oriented Curriculum and Its Enlightenment

"项目中心课程"模式是MIT启动实施的"新工程教育转型"(NEET)计划的核心内容。MIT"项目中心课程"在"引领未来发展、强调认知思维"的理念指导下,结构设计上强调"纵向贯通、横向交叉、问题导向",学习方式上突显"积极学习、小组学习和问题学习"的特点,为工程教育学生认知思维和工程专业能力培养提供更大的提升空间。"项目中心课程"人才培养模式给我们带来诸多启示,为此,作者对我国新工科建设提出四点建议:一是面向未来、回归育人,培养创新精神和解决复杂工程问题能力;二是顶层设计、流程再造,构建"项目中心"的人才培养模式;三是学科交叉、角色转变,创新"项目中心课程"的设计与教学;四是产出导向、多元评价,实现"项目中心课程"评价的可测量和综合化。

An action named New Engineering Education Transformation(NEET)was implemented in August 2017 in MIT.The project-oriented curriculum is the core of NEET.Guided by the idea of leading future development and nurturing cognitive thinking,the project-oriented curriculum features active learning,group study and problem-oriented learning.It can not only help colleges and universities to cultivate students’ cognitive thinking and engineering professional competence,but also bring some enlightenment to the reform of engineering education in China,especially the construction of emerging engineering education.Firstly,we should nurture students’ innovation spirit and train their complicated engineering problem-solving capability.Secondly,the talent training mode of project-oriented curriculum should be built.Thirdly,the teaching design of project-oriented curriculum should be innovated.Finally,the training mode should be outcome-oriented which requires the evaluation of project-oriented curriculum to be measurable and comprehensive.