6种石斛属植物的人工授粉试验

Experiments of artificial pollination on six species of Dendrobium

选用鼓槌石斛(Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl)、兜唇石斛〔Dendrobium aphyllum(Roxb.)C.E.Fisch.〕、铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)、金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile Lindl)、报春石斛(Dendrobium primulinum Lindl)和翅梗石斛(Dendrobium trigongpus Rchb.F)生长旺盛的花朵进行自花授粉、同株异花授粉、异株授粉和自然授粉。研究结果表明:异株授粉能大大提高石斛属植物的结实率,特别是对于一花序具有多花的石斛一般要异株授粉;少数石斛能在自然条件下授粉成功。从铁皮石斛自花授粉的结实率可以看出,铁皮石斛开花后1~4 d均能结实,其中开花第2~3 d结实率最高(达36.7%),开花第5 d起结实率为0,说明铁皮石斛最佳的授粉时间是开花第2~3 d。

Experiments of artificial pollination on six species of Dendrobium(D.chrysotoxum,D.aphyllum,D.officinale,D.nobile,D.primulinum and D.trigongpus) were conducted.The results showed that: xenogamy could greatly improve the setting percentage of Dendrobium plants,especially for the species of which inflorescence with many flowers.Natural pollination on only few Dendrobium plants was successful.Moreover,self-pollination of D.officinale after different flowering days had effect on its setting percentage.Self-pollination conducted on the second day and third day of flowering had the highest setting percentage(36.7%).However,setting percentage declined to zero when self-pollination was conducted after 5 days of flowering.So the best time for self-pollination of D.officinale were the second day and third day of flowering.