大顶苦瓜组培苗试管外微嫁接技术研究

Study on the Outside Tube Micrografting Techniques for the Tissue Culture Seedlings of Momordica charantia Linn.

【目的】建立大顶苦瓜(Momordica charantia Linn.)组培苗试管外微嫁接技术体系,解决目前苦瓜组培苗长势较弱的问题。【方法】选取5～7 cm健壮的顶培1号苦瓜组培不定芽为接穗,以丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica)和南瓜(Cucurbita moschata D.)为砧木,研究不同嫁接方法(包括组培不定芽炼苗时间、嫁接口的不同保湿方法、砧木种类以及苗龄、接穗接口浸蘸不同浓度6-BA和每天喷洒不同浓度蔗糖)对嫁接成活率、接穗增长量、嫁接苗总株高的影响。【结果】大顶苦瓜组培苗最适宜的炼苗时间为6～7 d;采用橡皮套管加嫁接夹包裹嫁接口操作容易,保湿效果显著;带两片真叶的丝瓜银砧1号砧木嫁接成活率高;接穗接口浸蘸6-BA以浓度0.5 mol/L最适宜,每天喷洒蔗糖以浓度是6%最佳,获得最高嫁接成活率为65.9%。【结论】首次建立了大顶苦瓜组培苗试管外微嫁接技术体系,可改善在相同栽培条件下苦瓜组培苗长势比实生苗弱的特点,为提高苦瓜组培苗的成活率提供了新途径。

[Objective]The study was to establish an outside tube micrografting technique for the tissue cultured buds of the broad-shoulder bitter gourd(Momordica charantia Linn.) in order to solve the problem of weak growth of the tissue cultured buds at present. [Method]Taking 5-7 cm healthy tissue culture seedlings of Dingpei No.1 bitter gourd as the scion and tower gourd(Luffa cylindrica) and pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata D.) seedlings as the rootstocks,the effect of different grafting methods(including time of hardening tissue culture seedling, different moisture methods of graft unions, ages and species of root stocks and scion interfaces dipped with different concentrations of 6-BA and sprayed with different concentrations of sucrose) on the graft survival rate, increment of scions and total stain heights of grafted seedlings were studied.[Result]The optimal time to harden tissue culture seedlings of the broad-shoulder bitter gourd was 6-7 days. It was easy to package the graft unions by using rubber casing and grafting clip and remarkable moisturizing effect could be obtained. The best rootstock was the towel gourd 'Yinzhen No.1' seedling with two piece of true leaf. The optimal concentrations of 6-BA and sucrose were 0.5 mol/L and 6%, respectively, and the highest graft survival rate of 65.9% could be obtained.[Conclusion]It was the first time to establish an outside tube micrografting technique for the tissue cultured buds of the broad-shoulder bitter gourd. The application of such technique will improve the weak growth and the survival rate of tissue culture seedling of the broad-shoulder bitter gourd.