彩色防虫网覆盖光质差异及其对豇豆生长和产量的影响

Difference of Light Quality Under Fly Nets with Different Colours and Its Effects on the Growth and Yield of Cowpea

【目的】探讨彩色防虫网内光质差异及对豇豆生长和产量影响,为豇豆光调控技术提供理论依据。【方法】以露地作为对照,研究咖啡网、黄网、红网、绿网、蓝网、银灰网、白网等7种彩色防虫网覆盖下光谱成分及豇豆生长周期、生长特性、干物质分配及产量差异。【结果】与露地相比,防虫网内远红光及近红外光的比例增加,紫外光的比例和红光/远红光降低,绿网内绿光和蓝紫光比例较高,绿光较露地增加3.29%,而红网内红光比例较高,较对照增加24.96%;防虫网内豇豆的抽蔓期提前5～7 d,黄网、红网和蓝网覆盖下豇豆的始花期较露地提前;叶片厚度均较露地显著下降,株高、单叶叶面积和节间长增加,以红网变化最显著;覆盖防虫网可提高豇豆总产量和前期产量,白网总产量最大、其次为绿网,分别较对照增产43.46%和42.02%,二者差异不显著。【结论】在豇豆生产中建议采用白网或绿网覆盖栽培,从而提高产量和上市时间。

[Objective]To investigate the difference of light quality under fly nets with different colors and its effect on the growth and yield of cowpea, and provide theoretical references for the light control technology of cowpea.[Method]Open field was used as a contrast to study the spectral components and the difference in the growth period,growth characteristics, dry matter distribution and yield of cowpea under fly nets with seven different colors(coffee, yellow,red, green, blue, silver grey and white). [Result]Compared with open field, under the fly nets, the proportion of far-red light and near-infrared light increased while the proportion of ultraviolet light and red light/far-red light decreased. In the green net, the proportion of green light and blue-violet light increased, among which the green light increased by 3.29%;while in the red net, the proportion of red light increased by 24.96% than the contrast;Under the fly nets, the sprouting time of cowpea was 5 to 7 days ahead of schedule, and the initial flowering of cowpea covered by yellow net, red net and blue net was earlier than that in the open field. Compared with the open field, the leaves thickness decreased significantly, and the plant height, single leaf area and internode length increased, among which the change under the red net was the most significant. The coverage of fly nets could increase the total yield and the yield at early stage of cowpea, among which the total output under the white net was the largest, followed by the green net, which were 43.46% and 42.02% higher than the contrast respectively. The difference between the two was not significant. [Conclusion]It is recommended to use white nets or green nets in cowpea production to increase yield and release products earlier.