从人称敏感现象看日语体标记-te i-的非自知功能

Person sensitivity and non-egophoric functions of Japanese aspect marker -te i-

日语动词谓语的人称敏感性表现在V-te i-与动词无标记形式的对立中的一些不规则的分布。本文从语言类型学自知范畴研究的角度,分析了这些人称敏感现象。-te i-的非自知功能可以分为两类:一类体现在'内部感知经验者'语义角色,自知-非自知的对立基本符合自知范畴典型的分布模式;另一类体现在'意志动作的施事'和'经受者'的语义角色以及'非参与者',第一人称倾向于排斥-te i-。本文还分析了以往研究中有关-te i-示证相关用法的讨论,认为其中只有少数用法可以看作示证策略和自知策略,-te i-本质上是一个体标记。

Person sensitivity ofJapanese verbal predicates embodies itself in some irregular distributions of aspectual opposition between V-te i-and unmarked verbs.With reference to the typological studies on egophoricity,this paper investigates those phenomena of person sensitivity and groups the non-egophoric functions of-te i-into two types.One is the semantic role of endopathic experiencer,in which the distributions of egophoric V vs nonegophoric V-te i-roughly match the distribution in a typical egophoricity system.The other type includes the semantic roles of volitional agent and patient as well as non-participant,in which-te i-is not or less acceptable when the first person is involved in the events where-te i-is used.This paper additionally evaluates some previous literature in which-te i-is treated as an evidential.Our conclusion is that-te i-is aspectual in nature,and may serve as evidentialtiy strategy and egophoricity strategy in some occasions.