从“虚拟位移”的角度看日语表达静态空间距离的方式

“Fictive motion” in the Japanese expressions of static spatial distance

人类对空间距离的感知依赖于身体经验,而位移是人类感知空间距离的重要方式之一。当空间距离为客观不变的静态距离时,我们仍然可以把它识解为一种虚拟的位移。本文在充分吸收认知语言学在'虚拟位移'方面的研究成果的基础上,以两个不对称性为切入点,对日语表达静态空间距离时的虚拟位移现象进行了较为详细的描写和分析。此外,本文还探讨了日语用虚拟位移表达静态空间距离时的语用功能,并从量度功能和定位功能的角度指出了本文与传统虚拟位移研究的着眼点的不同。

Human perception of space is largely based on bodily experience including motion,which is known as one of the most important ways of perceiving spatial distance.Even when the perceived distance is,objectively speaking,something that remains unchanged,we can construe it as a kind of fictive motion.Drawing on the findings of cognitive linguistic research on fictive motion,this paper describes and analyzes in great detail fictive motion involved in some Japanese expressions of static spatial distance,with particular attention to two asymmetries.I will also discuss some of the pragmatic functions that these expressions serve,thereby indicating what makes this paper different from the previous studies of fictive motion.