“显微镜”一词的形成及其中日语言文化交流(1646-1831)

The translations of xianweijing(kenbikyō,microscope) and cultural exchanges between China and Japan,1646-1831

今天中日两国共同使用的'显微镜'一词是如何形成的?作为中日同形同义词群中的一员,是否如诸多近代译词那样,系日本译制进而传入中国?是与否,何以证实?在西学东渐大背景下,作为西方奇物的显微镜具体于何时,通过怎样的途径传入中日两国?围绕其名称,同属汉字文化圈的两国学者究竟展开了怎样的语言文化活动?具体有何交流或互动,并表现出怎样的异同?诸如此类的问题,颇值得深入探究。本文依托具体的文献资料,采用实证的研究方法,考察该词的形成及其相关的中日语言文化交流。

How could the term of Xianweijing(Kenbikyō,microscope)be used today both in China and Japan?Isn’t it one of the modern terminologies,which were translated out first in modern Japan and then spread into China,like any modern synonymic lexicons in these two languages?How can we prove the answer that has to be either yes or no?When and how did this western tool attract curious glances and was brought into China or Japan in the background of Western learning spreading to Eastern world?What kinds of linguistic culture unfolded on this term in the Chinese-character culture sphere?Were there any exchanges amongst the scholars between these two countries?Questions such as the ones mentioned above are interesting and important.This paper,on the basis of plenty of material and empirical evidences,discusses them and makes clear the translations of this term and the corresponding linguistic and cultural exchanges between China and Japan.